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IMPORTANT SEQ s OF GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY FOR 1ST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS

IMPORTANT SEQ s OF GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY FOR 1ST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS
Q.1. Explain oogenesis and enumerate its two objectives. 3+2
Q.2:
a. Define and classify chromosomal aberrations ½ ,3 ½*****
b. Write any 5 phenotypic characters of Down ‘s Syndrome 2***
Q.3. Define embryo, induction, mosaicism, adolescence and translocation of chromosomes. 5
Q.4: Write steps and results of embryonic folding. ***** 05
Q.5: Briefly explain the steps of fertilization. Enumerate its results. **** 3 ½ , 1 ½
Q.6: Write the formation and fate of chorionic sac. 05.
Q.7: a). Draw and label diagram of 5 week old embryo showing it external features. 5.
b). Name fetal membranes. Write the formation, function and fate of secondary yolk Sac.
Q.8: How are homozygous twins formed? Mention their respective fetal membranes and type of
Placenta. What are conjoined twins? ***** 7+3
Q.9: Write the cause and features of fetal alcohol syndrome. *** 5.
Q.10: Enumerate five sub stages of prophase of meiosis-1. Describe the dictyotate pause in oocytes. Give its clinical significance. ** 2.5, 2.5, 1
Q.11: Define spermatogenesis. Mention four sites of maturation of sperms. What is capacitations? 1, 2.5, 2.5 ***
Q.12: Draw and label an embryo as a flat trilaminar germ disc? 5
Q.13: Briefly describe the following:
a) Chorionic villous sampling. 2.5
b) Significance of meiosis 2.5
Q.14: Briefly discuss the steps and outcome of fertilization. ****5
Q.15: Draw & label the structure of mature ovarian follicle’ explain the mechanism of ovulation.*** 4+1
Q.16: Name the types of twins; mention their four differences in a tabulated from. How is the twin pregnancy produced? 1+2+2

IMPORTANT SEQ s OF GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY FOR 1ST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS BY DR. ROOMI
Q.1. Explain oogenesis and enumerate its two objectives. 3+2
Q.2:
a. Define and classify chromosomal aberrations ½ ,3 ½*****
b. Write any 5 phenotypic characters of Down ‘s Syndrome 2***
Q.3. Define embryo, induction, mosaicism, adolescence and translocation of chromosomes. 5
Q.4: Write steps and results of embryonic folding. ***** 05
Q.5: Briefly explain the steps of fertilization. Enumerate its results. **** 3 ½ , 1 ½
Q.6: Write the formation and fate of chorionic sac. 05.
Q.7: a). Draw and label diagram of 5 week old embryo showing it external features. 5.
b). Name fetal membranes. Write the formation, function and fate of secondary yolk Sac.
Q.8: How are homozygous twins formed? Mention their respective fetal membranes and type of
Placenta. What are conjoined twins? ***** 7+3
Q.9: Write the cause and features of fetal alcohol syndrome. *** 5.
Q.10: Enumerate five sub stages of prophase of meiosis-1. Describe the dictyotate pause in oocytes. Give its clinical significance. ** 2.5, 2.5, 1
Q.11: Define spermatogenesis. Mention four sites of maturation of sperms. What is capacitations? 1, 2.5, 2.5 ***
Q.12: Draw and label an embryo as a flat trilaminar germ disc? 5
Q.13: Briefly describe the following:
a) Chorionic villous sampling. 2.5
b) Significance of meiosis 2.5
Q.14: Briefly discuss the steps and outcome of fertilization. ****5
Q.15: Draw & label the structure of mature ovarian follicle’ explain the mechanism of ovulation.*** 4+1
Q.16: Name the types of twins; mention their four differences in a tabulated from. How is the twin pregnancy produced? 1+2+2

Q.17: Define monozygotic twining. How is it produced? Enumerate the developmental problems which may arise during this condition? 1+2+2
Q.18: Define dizygotic twining. How is it produced? Enumerate the developmental problems which may arise during this condition. ? 1+2+2
Q.19: Define twining. how is it produced? Enumerate the complications which may arise during twining.? 1+2+2****
Q.20: Write short notes on any two of the following
a) Zona pellucida. 2.5
b) Decidua. ***2.5
Q.21: Write short notes on the following.
a) Placenta praevia *****2.5
b) Tubal pregnancy *****2.5
Q.22: Write short notes on the following
a) Amniogenesis 2.5
b) Neural tube defects (NTDs) and its relation with folic acid deficiency in pregnant females. *** 2.5
Q.23: Write notes on:
a. Spermiogenesis. **2.5
b. Primordial germ cells 2.5
Q.24:
c. Describe aneuploidy. 2.5**
a. How do the congenital abnormalities occur? 2.5
Q.25: Describe the structural chromosomal abnormalities; give one example of each. 5
Q.26: Describe the most viable condition of monosomy. 5.
Q.27: Describe stages of uterine endometrium during menstrual cycle. 5.
Q.28: Enumerate the outcome of fertilization. ************** 5
Q.29: Classify the chromosomal anomalies in the simplest form ad describe the most common numerical error of chromosomes.***** 5.
Q. 30: Write short notes on the following.
a. Fate of notochord ***2.5
b. Capacitation **2.5
Q.31: Describe the formation, fate and functions of Zona pellucid. What happens, if zona pellucida degenerates on third day of embryogenesis? 1+2+2

Q32. Describe the process of gastrulation. ******5
Q33. Why third week of embryogenesis is usually called as the “week of threes”? Describe such four developmental events***** 1+2+2
Q34. Why second week of embryogenesis is usually called as the “week of twos? Describe such four developmental events. *****1+4.
Q.35. Describe the formation and fate of somites.***** 1.5 + 3.5
Q36. Write short notes on the following
a. Fetomaternal circulation. 4.
b. Neural crest cells and their derivatives.***** 4.
Q37. Descrbe the formation and fate of notochord. ***5
Q38. Describe the abnormalities of implantation of embryo. 5
Q39.briefly describe the cranial, caudal and lateral folding of flat trigeminal embryonic disc. ******* 5.
Q40. Write note on the following. 5,5.
a) Umbilical cord 2.5
b) Allantois 2.5
Q41. Name the procedures for assessing fetal status and describe amniocentesis. 2.5+2.5
Q42. Briefly describe the formation of placenta. Define placental barrier and explain it in reference to viruses. ******2+1+1+1
Q43. Describe the following:
a. Capacitation**** 2
b. Fertilization**** 3
Q44: What is amnion? Where is it located? Give its function and two clinical conditions associated with it. Explain amniocentesis. 1+1+1+1+1
Q45. List the steps of spermatogenesis. Outline the morphological changes that occur during spermiogenesis.************ 2+3.
Q46. List five results of fertilization; mention five abnormal sites of implantation. *****2.5+2.5
Q47. Name the fetal membran s. Briefly describe the development and fate of allantois.** 2+3
Q48. Give summary of the major events occurring during first week of development of embryo. Explain the formation and fate of blastocyst. **** 2+1+2
Q49. What do you understand by non-disjunction of chromosomes? Mention congenital abnormalities resulting from it. Give clinical features of such most commonly found anomaly. 1+1+3

Q50. Name the primary layers of the embryonic disc; and mention seven derivatives of any one of them. 1.5+3.5
Q51.enlist the functions of placenta.***** 5
Q52. State four distinctive features of different types of twins in a tabular form. How is the twin pregnancy produced? State the factors which prevent multiple sperm entering the ovum. 2+1+2
Q53. Define Ectopic pregnancy, list six such sites. Explain abdominal pregnancy. 1+3+1.****
Q54. Enlist structures derived from different parts of mesoderm. 5*****
Q55. Describe the formation, function and fate of primitive streak. 1+2+2****
Q56. Define somites. Describe the formation, and fate of somites. 1+2+2
Q57. Define chorion. Describe their formation and fate. Explain the hydatidiform mole. 1+1+1+2
Q58. Differentitate between embryonic age and gestational age. List four ways to estimate the embryonic age. 3+2******
Q59. Define intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR). List four causes of intrauterine growth retardation. Describe any two of them 1+2+2
Q60. Define decidua. How does it develop? Also mention its fate. 1+2+2
Q61. Define placental membrane. Give its initial structure and later modification. Discuss its role in reference of viruses 1+2+2
Q62. Describe amniogenesis: explain the disorders of amniotic fluid volume. 5